Mechanism tag
Parenteral peptides
Peptides administered by injection or infusion — typically required for larger or less-stable molecules where intranasal delivery is insufficient.
Cerebrolysin
A complex mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids derived from porcine brain tissue, studied extensively in cognitive decline and post-stroke recovery research.
Read profileCortexin
A standardised low-molecular-weight peptide preparation derived from bovine cerebral cortex, used in Russian clinical practice for cognitive impairment, post-stroke recovery, and traumatic brain injury research — the closest single sister to Cerebrolysin.
Read profileTesamorelin
A licensed GHRH(1-44) analogue with a positive cognitive-effect trial in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder — the strongest cognitive-endpoint evidence in the GH-axis peptide family.
Read profileSemaglutide
A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist licensed for type-2 diabetes and obesity, with an active Phase III cognitive-endpoint trial in Alzheimer's disease (EVOKE) — the highest-profile emerging cognitive-relevance peptide of the 2020s.
Read profileSS-31 (Elamipretide)
A mitochondrially-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied for mitochondrial-dysfunction diseases and emerging cognitive-ageing research applications.
Read profileOxytocin (intranasal)
The endogenous nonapeptide 'social bonding' hormone, studied via intranasal delivery for social cognition, anxiety, and trust-related research endpoints — one of the most-researched peptides in cognitive neuroscience.
Read profileDDAVP (Desmopressin)
A licensed synthetic vasopressin analogue with documented memory-modulation effects — one of the classical vasopressin-family cognitive research peptides with the deepest historical literature.
Read profileTB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment)
A synthetic fragment of the endogenous 43-amino-acid thymosin β4 protein, studied for tissue-repair, angiogenesis, and emerging CNS regeneration and neuroprotection applications.
Read profileARA-290 (Cibinetide)
An 11-amino-acid non-erythropoietic EPO analogue, studied for tissue-protective and neuroprotective effects mediated by the innate repair receptor (IRR) — a distinctive mechanism separated from EPO's erythropoietic activity.
Read profileHumanin
A 21-24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective and neuroprotective activity — the flagship member of the mitochondrial-derived peptide family, with emerging evidence in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive-ageing research.
Read profileCJC-1295
A modified GHRH(1-29) analogue commonly stacked with GH-releasing peptides for GH-axis research, with an indirect cognitive-relevance angle via sleep-architecture support and IGF-1 signalling.
Read profileLiraglutide
The predecessor long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist to semaglutide, with the completed ELAD Phase II trial in Alzheimer's disease — the reference cognitive-endpoint trial for the GLP-1 class before EVOKE.
Read profileDGAVP
A classical De Wied-laboratory vasopressin analogue engineered to preserve memory-relevant central effects while eliminating the pressor effect of parent vasopressin — the reference vasopressin-family cognitive research peptide of the 1970s-80s.
Read profileOrg 2766
A classical Dutch/Organon ACTH(4-9) analogue closely related to Semax — the direct pharmacological cousin of the Russian cognitive-peptide programme's flagship compound, with independent memory and neuroprotective research history.
Read profileACTH(4-10)
The parent 4-10 fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone from which Semax derives — the classical ACTH-fragment cognitive-research peptide with foundational historical significance in the vasopressin/ACTH memory-peptide programme.
Read profileMIF-1
A tripeptide originally identified as an inhibitor of melanocyte-stimulating hormone release, with a distinctive research history spanning memory modulation, dopamine-receptor allosteric effects, and Parkinson's-disease-adjacent research applications.
Read profileTRH (Thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
The endogenous hypothalamic tripeptide that stimulates thyroid-stimulating hormone release, with distinctive research history in cognitive effects, arousal, mood modulation, and neuroprotective applications separated from the primary thyroid-axis pharmacology.
Read profileIpamorelin
A selective ghrelin-receptor agonist growth-hormone-releasing peptide, most commonly stacked with CJC-1295 for physiological GH-pulse research — the reference selective GHRP in modern research practice.
Read profileSermorelin
The 1-29 amino acid fragment of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), historically licensed for paediatric growth hormone deficiency diagnostics and long the reference GHRH research analogue prior to CJC-1295's dominance.
Read profileIGF-1 LR3
A synthetic long-acting analogue of insulin-like growth factor 1 with reduced IGF-binding-protein affinity, providing sustained systemic IGF-1 signalling with direct hippocampal-neurogenesis implications.
Read profileHexarelin
A synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone-releasing peptide with the most potent GH-releasing activity in the class, and distinctive cardioprotective effects mediated by a non-GH-mediated mechanism.
Read profileGHRP-2
The reference growth-hormone-releasing peptide developed as a diagnostic and research tool for GH-axis characterisation, with well-established GH-releasing pharmacology and licensed diagnostic use in some jurisdictions.
Read profileVasopressin
The endogenous nonapeptide antidiuretic hormone with distinctive central memory-modulation effects — the parent compound of the classical vasopressin-family cognitive research programme and the direct hormone from which DDAVP and DGAVP were engineered.
Read profileCellex
A Russian/Belarusian porcine-brain-derived sialic-acid peptide preparation used clinically for neurological indications, similar in architecture to Cerebrolysin but with a distinct compositional and clinical positioning.
Read profileThymulin
A zinc-bound nonapeptide thymic hormone with distinctive research applications spanning immune-cognitive research, sickness-behaviour research, and neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive-decline contexts.
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