Mechanism tag
Neuroprotective peptides
Peptides studied in ischaemic, oxidative, and excitotoxic injury models for their capacity to protect neurons from acute damage.
Pinealon
A short tripeptide bioregulator studied in Russian gerontology research for neuroprotective and anti-ageing effects on the central nervous system.
Read profileCerebrolysin
A complex mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids derived from porcine brain tissue, studied extensively in cognitive decline and post-stroke recovery research.
Read profileDSIP
A nonapeptide originally isolated from the cerebral venous blood of sleeping rabbits, studied for sleep modulation, stress resilience, and indirect cognitive effects.
Read profileFGL Peptide
A 15-amino-acid peptide mimetic of the FGL loop of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), studied for neurogenic, synaptogenic, and memory-enhancing effects in cellular and animal research.
Read profileEpitalon
A short synthetic tetrapeptide developed in the Khavinson bioregulator programme, studied for telomere maintenance, pineal regulation, and indirect cognitive effects via circadian and stress-resilience pathways.
Read profileCortexin
A standardised low-molecular-weight peptide preparation derived from bovine cerebral cortex, used in Russian clinical practice for cognitive impairment, post-stroke recovery, and traumatic brain injury research — the closest single sister to Cerebrolysin.
Read profileP21
A small peptide derived from a neurotrophic-cytokine framework, characterised in academic research for hippocampal neurogenesis induction and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in models of cognitive ageing and Alzheimer-type pathology.
Read profileGHK-Cu (cognitive angle)
A naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex best known for skin and tissue-repair effects, but with a distinct cognitive-research literature covering gene-expression modulation, antioxidant defence, and indirect neurotrophic effects.
Read profileBPC-157
A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a fragment of human gastric juice protein, studied for tissue-repair, gut-brain-axis, and emerging neuroprotective and cognitive-relevant effects.
Read profileTesamorelin
A licensed GHRH(1-44) analogue with a positive cognitive-effect trial in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder — the strongest cognitive-endpoint evidence in the GH-axis peptide family.
Read profileDavunetide
An 8-amino-acid ADNP-derived peptide (NAPVSIPQ) evaluated in multiple neurodegenerative disease trials — the flagship clinical-trial peptide in the synaptogenic / neuroprotective family.
Read profileSemaglutide
A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist licensed for type-2 diabetes and obesity, with an active Phase III cognitive-endpoint trial in Alzheimer's disease (EVOKE) — the highest-profile emerging cognitive-relevance peptide of the 2020s.
Read profileSS-31 (Elamipretide)
A mitochondrially-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied for mitochondrial-dysfunction diseases and emerging cognitive-ageing research applications.
Read profileCortagen
A synthetic tetrapeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator programme (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro), positioned as a brain-cortex-targeted bioregulator complementing Pinealon and Cortexin.
Read profileTB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment)
A synthetic fragment of the endogenous 43-amino-acid thymosin β4 protein, studied for tissue-repair, angiogenesis, and emerging CNS regeneration and neuroprotection applications.
Read profileARA-290 (Cibinetide)
An 11-amino-acid non-erythropoietic EPO analogue, studied for tissue-protective and neuroprotective effects mediated by the innate repair receptor (IRR) — a distinctive mechanism separated from EPO's erythropoietic activity.
Read profileHumanin
A 21-24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective and neuroprotective activity — the flagship member of the mitochondrial-derived peptide family, with emerging evidence in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive-ageing research.
Read profileVesugen
A Khavinson vascular short peptide (Lys-Glu-Asp) targeting vascular-endothelial gene expression, with cerebrovascular research relevance in cognitive-ageing and stroke-recovery contexts.
Read profileEndoluten
A Khavinson pineal peptide preparation covering the pineal-gland-directed bioregulator angle alongside Epitalon — used in Russian gerontology practice for circadian and gerontoprotective effects.
Read profileN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate
A chemically protected analogue of Epitalon with N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation — same pineal-directed pharmacology as parent Epitalon with extended half-life, mirroring the NA-Semax and NA-Selank pattern.
Read profileLiraglutide
The predecessor long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist to semaglutide, with the completed ELAD Phase II trial in Alzheimer's disease — the reference cognitive-endpoint trial for the GLP-1 class before EVOKE.
Read profileCellex
A Russian/Belarusian porcine-brain-derived sialic-acid peptide preparation used clinically for neurological indications, similar in architecture to Cerebrolysin but with a distinct compositional and clinical positioning.
Read profileKPV
The α-MSH 11-13 tripeptide fragment (Lys-Pro-Val) with anti-inflammatory activity mediated through melanocortin-receptor-adjacent mechanisms — studied for gut, skin, and emerging neuroinflammation research applications.
Read profileThymulin
A zinc-bound nonapeptide thymic hormone with distinctive research applications spanning immune-cognitive research, sickness-behaviour research, and neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive-decline contexts.
Read profileCarnosine
An endogenous dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) with distinctive antioxidant, anti-glycation, and metal-chelating properties supporting cellular-protection research applications spanning neuroprotection, cognitive-ageing, and metabolic-cognitive contexts.
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